Research articles
ScienceAsia 49 (2023):ID 797-804 |doi:
10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2023.082
Histological characterization of the ambrosia beetle
Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff, 1875) female as an
important destroy pest on Mitragyna speciosa
Wisut Sittichayaa, Kodeeyah Thoawana, Anurag Sunpapaoa, Pisit Poolprasertb, Sinlapachai Senaratc, Gen Kanekod, Natthawut Charoenphone, Tawee Thammasoranakunf, Shravan M Haldharg,h, Narit Thaochana,*
ABSTRACT: : The ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff, 1875) is a serious pest of economically important
plants including Mitragyna speciosa, but its body structure and cellular composition remain uncharacterized. In this
study, we described whole-body histological characteristics of female X. compactus. Our observation found two district
regions in the nervous system: frontal ganglion and ventral nerve cord. The frontal ganglion contained two layers:
outer cortex and inner medullae, and the outer cortex was lined with three major types of cells including neurosecretory
cells, neuroglia, and neurons. The integumentary system contained three different layers: epicuticle, exocuticle, and
endocuticle in the head, thoracic, abdomen, and leg regions. Apparently, only skeletal muscles possessed muscle fibers
in the muscular system. The main organ of the urinary system was the Malpighian tubule, the epithelium of which
was lined with the simple cuboidal layer. The digestive system consisted of several distinct parts including foregut
(for example esophagus, crop, and proventriculus), midgut, and hindgut (or rectum). Three different cell types were
identified in the epithelial midgut. The respiratory organ was visible among the adipose tissue close to the integument
system. Although this organ was not easily identified, it was covered by a simple squamous epithelium. The female
reproductive system of this insect was a telotrophic meroistic ovary. The distribution of nurse cells was restricted
to the anterior tropharium, connected to oocytes. All the above results provide the first histological description of
X. compactus, which might be useful for advancing research in the related fields.
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| a |
Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University,
Songkhla 90110 Thailand |
| b |
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Thailand |
| c |
Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110 Thailand
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| d |
College of Natural and Applied Science, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, Texas 77901 USA |
| e |
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand |
| f |
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Buddhachinaraj Phitsanulok Hospital, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand |
| g |
Department of Entomology, COA, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur 795004 India |
| h |
ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Beechwal, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334006 India |
* Corresponding author, E-mail: narit.t@psu.ac.th
Received 8 May 2023, Accepted 1 Aug 2023
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