Research articles
ScienceAsia 51 (2023): 1-11 |doi:
10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2023.039
Cellular antioxidative and regenerative potentials of
Clinacanthus nutans leaf fractions towards liver cells: An
integrated in vitro and in silico study
Kai Song Nga, Siew Lee Cheongb, Vick Key Tewc, Li Ting Keec, Jia Xian Lawc, Khye Er Loha,
Chen Son Yued, Chui Fung Lokea, Sheri-Ann Tana,*
ABSTRACT: Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau is a medicinal plant used for treatment of liver cancer and jaundice
by Chinese healers. This study aimed to determine the phytocompounds that contribute to the antioxidative and
regenerative potentials of C. nutans leaves when examined on the HepG2 liver cells and the umbilical cord-derived
mesenchymal stem cells, respectively. NMR-based metabolomics approach and molecular docking were employed
to identify contributing phytocompounds. All fractions were found non-toxic towards both cell lines when tested at
concentration up to 100 ?g/ml. It was shown that cells treated with hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were able to
reduce ROS levels by 36% and 27.6% respectively, during oxidative stress when measured at 120 min as compared
to untreated cells. Furthermore, hexane fraction increased glutathione levels in HepG2 cells by approximately 3-fold
whereas ethyl acetate fraction treated cells showed 2.36-fold increment of glutathione in comparison to untreated
control. Hexane fraction demonstrated slight regenerative potential towards mesenchymal stem cells. Ethyl acetate
fraction, on the contrary, retarded this activity. Interestingly, phytocompounds: clinacoside B, clinacoside C and
isoschaftoside which were postulated earlier to play important roles in C. nutans leaves antioxidative properties were
detected in hexane fraction through NMR analysis. Amongst them, isoschaftoside formed interactions with important
amino acid residues within the binding pocket of Keap1 in silico suggesting its strong inhibitory effect towards this
protein. Isoschaftoside is thus a promising compoundtobefurtherinvestigatedasatreatmentforchronicliverproblems
such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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| a |
Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and
Technology, Kuala Lumpur 53300 Malaysia |
| b |
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur
57000 Malaysia |
| c |
Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000 Malaysia |
| d |
Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and
Technology, Kuala Lumpur 53300 Malaysia |
* Corresponding author, E-mail: tansw@tarc.edu.my
Received 16 Mar 2024, Accepted 11 Feb 2025
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