Volume 49 Number 3

Phytoremediation potential of sunn hemp for carbaryl-contaminated soil

Najjapak Sooksawat^a,b, Sakonkorn Adsatroo^c, Sonthaya Bunmanat^c, Apisit Chittwanij^c, Alisa Vangnai^d,e, Pornpimol Kongtip^f, Susan Woskie^g, Duangrat Inthorn^h,i,*

 
ABSTRACT:     Phytoremediation of pesticide residue has been an efficient method for the removal of soil contaminants. This research examined the ability of sunn hemp to remove carbaryl residue in carbaryl-contaminated soil from the field. The sunn hemp plants were grown in soil contaminated with carbaryl that had been spiked at 73.5 and 147.25 mg/kg for 0, 4, 8, and 12 days. The results showed that in a soil pot system, sunn hemp could significantly increase shoot length (1.9-fold) and leaf number (1.9-fold) at a carbaryl concentration of 147.25 and 73.5 mg/kg, respectively, from day 4 to day 12 of cultivation. Although the plant could grow, carbaryl toxicity caused a significant decrease in the total chlorophyll (2.8-fold) and carotenoid (3.5-fold) contents when exposed to the high carbaryl concentration of 147.25 mg/kg from day 4 to day 12 of cultivation. Notably, carbaryl removal in the soil containing carbaryl at 73.5 and 147.25 mg/kg achieved residual levels of 0.0?3.8 mg/kg in the soil containing sunn hemp after cultivation for 4, 8, and 12 days. Carbaryl could be accumulated in the leaves (0.00?0.30 mg/kg) and roots (0.12?4.44 mg/kg) of sunn hemp grown in contaminated soil after 12 days of cultivation. Carbaryl could be degraded to 1-naphthol in the soil and plant. The results confirmed that sunn hemp could enhance carbaryl removal from contaminated soil based on phytoaccumulation and possible phytodegradation abilities.

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* Corresponding author, E-mail: Duangrat.int@mahidol.ac.th

Received 16 Feb 2024, Accepted 21 Jul 2024