Volume 49 Number 3

Effects of temperature on the biological activities of bee venom from three honeybee species in Thailand

Pornnatcha Tidchoba, Amorn Owatworakit^a,b, Tang Yin Quanc^c, Kitiphong Khongphinitbunjong^a,b,*

 
ABSTRACT:     Bee venom (BV) samples collected from three honeybee species (Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata, and Apis florea) were investigated for its anticancer activity against B16F10 melanoma cells and antimicrobial activity against five skin pathogens. Crude BV samples were prepared, and the low molecular weight BV were obtained by removing proteins with molecular weight larger than 10 kDa using the cut-off column. The BV samples were then evaluated for inhibitory concentration (IC) and acridine orange/propidium iodide fluorescence staining against melanoma cells. At IC20, only the secondary necrosis stage of cancer cell apoptosis was observed. BV samples were incubated at 40, 60, and 80 ?C for 5 min, and then the anticancer and antimicrobial activities were determined. The lowest cell viability was observed from A. mellifera BV incubated at 60 ?C, A. dorsata BV incubated at 40 and 60 ?C, and A. florea BV incubated at 40 and 80 ?C. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results showed that BV from A. mellifera incubated at 40 ?C demonstrated the lowest MIC (6.25?12.5 ?g/ml) against Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus while BV from A. dorsata incubated at 40 ?C and control exhibited the lowest MIC (12.5?25 ?g/ml) against S. aureus. Meanwhile, BV collected from A. florea possessed the MIC over 100 ?g/ml among the treatments. In conclusion, incubation of the BV from each honeybee species at different temperatures led to different activities on melanoma cell lines and grampositive bacteria, causing skin infection.

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* Corresponding author, E-mail: kitiphong.kho@mfu.ac.th

Received 15 Feb 2024, Accepted 23 Nov 2024