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High energy storage performance of (1-x)Ba_0.9Ca_0.1TiO₃-xBaSn_0.1Ti_0.9O₃ bulk ceramics

Shichang Han^a, Lingling Cui^b,*, Zhiwei Li^c, Kuo Luan^a

 
ABSTRACT:     Despite their efficiency in energy storage, lead-based materials present substantial environmental and health hazards due to their toxicity. Improper disposal of lead can lead to lead contamination of water and soil, endangering both humans and wildlife. Furthermore, the extraction and processing of lead exacerbate environmental degradation. Consequently, the transition to lead-free alternatives is essential for mitigating these impacts and enhancing the sustainability and safety of energy storage technologies. In this study, lead-free (1-x)Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 - xBaSn0.1Ti0.9O3 (1-x)BCT-xBST, x = 0?0.12 ceramics were fabricated using the traditional solid-state method. The effects of BST doping on the energy storage properties of BCT ceramics were systematically investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a trend of diminishing average grain size in the ceramics as the value of x increased. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering analyses confirmed the coexistence of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases, particularly at x = 0.10. Notably, the (1-x)BCT-xBST ceramics exhibited a high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, large recoverable energy density (W = 138 mJ/cm3 ), and an impressive energy storage efficiency (? = 87.51%) under a low electric field of 30 kV/cm. In summary, the (1-x)BCT-xBST ceramics significantly advance eco-friendly energy storage, combining high performance with environmental sustainability.

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* Corresponding author, E-mail: cuilingling2024@163.com

Received 22 Mar 2024, Accepted 26 Aug 2024