Research articles
ScienceAsia 49 (2023):ID 337-343 |doi:
10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2023.026
Antifungal activities of azole drugs in combination with clove
essential oil against Microsporum gallinae
Kanlaya Worawonga, Glenn N. Borlaceb, Jareerat Aiemsaarda,*
ABSTRACT: Azole drugs are effective for the treatment of Microsporum gallinae infection but fungal resistance to
antifungal drugs, and their adverse reactions are concerns in both veterinary and public health. This study?s objective
was to investigate the antifungal effects of combining clove essential oil with clotrimazole, ketoconazole, or miconazole
against M. gallinae ATCC 90749. Antifungal activity was determined by broth microdilution, checkerboard synergy
method, and time-kill tests. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of azole drugs and clove essential oil
were 0.05 and 64.00 ?g/ml, respectively. Clove essential oil and the azole drugs showed partial synergistic effects with
fractional inhibitory concentration (FICI best crossbow) values of 0.75, and MIC values for clove essential oil (32 ?g/ml) and azole
drugs (0.125 ?g/ml) were 2- and 4-times lower in combination, respectively. The time-kill kinetics revealed that the
killing effect of the combinations was dose- and time-dependent. Formulated topical solutions of clove essential oil
and azole drug combinations showed very strong antifungal activity against M. gallinae ATCC 9074. The results of this
study indicated that clove essential oil has the potential to be used in combination with azole drugs for the control of
M. gallinae infection.
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Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand |
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Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand
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* Corresponding author, E-mail: jaraim@kku.ac.th
Received 1 Jun 2022, Accepted 22 Dec 2022
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