Research articles
ScienceAsia 47 (2021):ID 64-71 |doi:
10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2021.010
Green synthesis of alkyl 8-(2-butyl-5-octyl-1,
3-dioxolan-4-yl)octanoate derivatives as potential
biolubricants from used frying oil
Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan, Kevin Thomas, Hendra, Jumina, Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih*
ABSTRACT: Three pentanal-derived acetal esters have been prepared using a sonochemical method employing
the principles of green chemistry. As many as two steps were required to produce these esters of alkyl 9,10-
dihydroxystearate in 67-85% yield. The green synthesis evaluation was carried out through a comparison between
reflux and sonochemical methods, as well as homogeneous and solid acid catalysts. Activation of Indonesian natural
bentonite was conducted by Bronsted acid-enabled dealumination to obtain a low-cost solid acid catalyst. It was found
that sonochemical esterification of the acid-catalyzed by H-bentonite gave products in up to 70% yield in 3 times
shorter reaction time than the reflux method, which is remarkable. The final acetalization step with n-pentanal in the
presence of H-bentonite with sonochemical method afforded three pentanal-derived dioxolane derivatives in 69?85%
yields, which are higher than the conventional method. Examination of the physicochemical properties of each product
revealed that methyl 8-(2-butyl-5-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)octanoate is the most suitable novel biolubricant to substitute
currently commercial lubricant.
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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia |
* Corresponding author, E-mail: tutikdw@ugm.ac.id
Received 10 Jan 2020, Accepted 12 Dec 2020
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