Volume 49 Number 3

Independent optimization of pitch coating and second-level prelithiation for enhancing the lithium storage performance of anthracite coal-based graphite anodes

Canliang Ma^a,*, Ruyi Li^a, Jiao Che^a, Yun Zhao^a, Ruibin Ma^a, Ning-jing Song^{b, Xiaoming Lic}

 
ABSTRACT:     To enhance the performance of anthracite-coal-based graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries, this study independently optimized pitch coating and second-level contact prelithiation strategies. Systematic parameter screening led to the construction of a graphitic core?amorphous carbon shell composite anthracite-based synthetic graphite (SBG@P230-10%-C1000) using P230 pitch (10 wt%) carbonized at 1000 ?C. Characterization confirmed an expanded interlayer spacing (0.3418 nm) and a 49.6% reduction in specific surface area (1.866 m2 /g), promoting Li+ diffusion and suppressing excessive Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) formation. Electrochemically, the coated anode achieved an Initial Coulombic Efficiency (ICE) of 81.82% at 50 mA/g and a high-rate capacity of 104.5 mAh/g at 3200 mA/g, which is 2.56 times that of pristine anthracite-based synthetic graphite (SBG). A 20 s direct contact prelithiation treatment further increased the ICE to 97.32% and maintained a capacity of 389.55 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 100 mA/g. The individually optimized strategies for coating and prelithiation highlight a promising combined approach to overcome the low ICE and poor rate capability of coal-based graphite, supporting its potential application in high-performance silicon-carbon anode systems.

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* Corresponding author, E-mail: macanliang@sxu.edu.cn

Received 9 Dec 2025, Accepted 11 May 2026