ScienceAsia 52 (2026):ID 2026011 1-9 |doi:
10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874..011
Removal of pharmaceutical compounds using bentonite clay
Ho Soonmina,*, Mussarat Jabeenb, Samina Aslamc, Noreen Aslamd
ABSTRACT: Wastewater contamination with pharmaceutical sources has emerged as the most significant issue
concerning the environment and public health worldwide, owing to the ubiquity of pharmaceutical residues in
wastewater. These pollutants originate from pharmaceutical production, human consumption and hospital waste
generate a serious threat not only to aquatic systems but also to human health in the form of antibiotic resistance
and endocrine disruption. The potential of bentonite clay-natural adsorbent in substitution for effective removal of
pharmaceutical pollutants from water is the subject of this paper. The paper emphasizes the most relevant properties
of bentonite: being absorptive, ion exchange and having a large surface area, in view of being a useful tool for
the immobilization of several medicinal substance?s antibiotic, analgesic and hormonals. Potential innovations such
as surface modification, hybrid composites, and immobilization of bentonite with other advanced technologies like
biological treatment and membrane filtration are also explored.
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| a |
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Putra Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia |
| b |
Department of Chemistry, HRIST, Multan, Pakistan |
| c |
Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, 66000, Pakistan |
| d |
Department of Chemistry, GSCWU, Bahawalpur, Pakistan |
* Corresponding author, E-mail: soonmin.ho@newinti.edu.my
Received 19 Aug 2025, Accepted 29 Nov 2025
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