Research articles
ScienceAsia 38 (2012): 227-234 |doi:
10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2012.38.227
The effects of herbivore exclusion and nutrient enrichment on growth and reproduction of Halimeda macroloba
Jaruwan Mayakuna, Jeong Ha Kimb, Brian E. Lapointec, Anchana Prathepa,*
ABSTRACT: The questions on how Halimeda macroloba allocates resources to growth and sexual reproduction when encountering herbivores and elevated nutrient concentrations were experimentally examined in the natural subtidal zone and in water tanks. The field experimental design comprised 96 plots (50 × 50 cm2), with and without herbivores, and two nutrient levels. Cages were used to exclude fish herbivores: uncaged plots and fully caged plots; and 2 nutrient levels were manipulated: enriched and ambient levels in order to determine the effect of nutrients. Osmocote slow-release fertilizer was placed in each enriched plot. For the outdoor water tank experiments, mechanical clipping was used to simulate grazing on algae. Nutrient enrichment had a positive effect on the growth and reproduction of H. macroloba both in the field and water tank experiments, and herbivory or simulation of grazing did have a significant effect on the growth of algae in the water tank experiments. H. macroloba produced gametangia within 1–2 weeks after nutrient enrichment, to indicate that enrichment might be the trigger for reproduction of H. macroloba. From the tissue nutrient levels, the C:N, C:P, and N:P (18.9, 639, and 33.7) ratios indicated that the productivity of H. macroloba was phosphorus limited.
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a |
Seaweed and Seagrass Research Unit, Excellence Centre for Biodiversity of Peninsular Thailand, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand. 90112 |
b |
Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea. 440-746 |
c |
Marine Ecosystem Health Program, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, Ft. Pierce, FL 34946, USA |
* Corresponding author, E-mail: anchana.p@psu.ac.th
Received 18 Apr 2012, Accepted 25 Sep 2012
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